Creating a Robot to Make Toast with Lego Mindstorm :: Robotics

Toast-O-Bot Theoretical: A robot that utilizes a toaster oven to make toast, spreads it with splash margarine and makes a CD player play the melody No doubt Toast would be both helpful and engaging. Utilizing the Lego Mindstorms and MAC NQC to program them such a robot could be conceivable. Utilizing the recommended plan and projects for the Roboarm in the Definitive Guide to Lego Mindstorms as a beginning stage I manufactured the robot and changed it for the toaster oven. During testing of the engines, it was found that Toast-O-Bot isn't sufficiently able to press the button on the toaster oven. Considerably after toaster oven alteration it was as yet unfit to press the catch. The Toast-O-Bot just moves the bread from area to area, so a client is required to press the catch on the toaster oven. Foundation/Purpose: Individuals with incapacities utilize numerous gadgets today to facilitate their lives and help with consistently assignments. This may incorporate improved procedures, administration creatures or little machines or on the other hand robots that perform little undertakings for any client; youthful, old, incapacitated, or healthy. There are gadgets to change TV channels, open entryways, turn lights on and off, and now a robot to make toast for them. Since the time the revelation of toast man has searched for an approach to make toasting simpler, starting with the crude toaster oven, and advancing to the cutting edge pop toaster oven. The crude toaster oven was made of iron and set in hot coals. In 1909, G.E. presented and protected the electric toaster oven. The pop toaster oven, presented in 1919, has been altered by numerous individuals to build up the cutting edge pop toaster oven. Toasters, however not as normal, are likewise used to make toast. The expectation is to additionally facilitate the work that goes into the creation of toast by making a robot that can utilize a toaster oven to make toast. The robot will have a paw arm to get the bread and spot it in the toaster oven. It will likewise have an arm to press the catch on the toaster oven and on the splash spread. There will be a contact sensor at the base of the catch track and when it rises to zero the robot will evacuate the toast to spread it. In the wake of buttering the toast, it will at that point place it on a plate for the client to appreciate. It might likewise squeeze play on something to play the 'Better believe it Toast' melody from the Bounce and Tom Show. Materials: à ½ LEGO pieces requirement for the Roboarm from page 313 in the Definitive Guide to Lego Mindstorms à ½ Various enlivening things à ½ An approach to raise the base to the tallness of the toaster oven

Why does witchcraft continue to intrigue successive generations of Essay

For what reason does black magic keep on intrigueing progressive ages of Anthropologists - Essay Example They have led various examinations and to a great extent depicted black magic as a psychosocial factor among that exists among social orders, for example, American Indians, early current Europeans and Africans. The discoveries have been applied to the investigation of black magic in rehearses in the prior and in the contemporary social orders. Astoundingly, black magic assumes a huge job in the general public, as clarified in various hypotheses that have been created by present day and prior anthropologists. As indicated by Detweiler (1975), various speculations that have been set up by various researchers for the most part exhibit that black magic goes about as a type of social control, fills in as a route through which life incidents are clarified and helps in discharging social strain. These three particular capacities are the reasons regarding why black magic has interested anthropologists all through since foundation of the control of human sciences. This paper takes a gander at these elements of black magic in both the cutting edge and in the early social orders, as clarified by different anthropologists. Conversation Anthropologists have discovered that black magic fills in as a method of clarifying the reasons forever disasters. Individuals in all social orders discover clarifications for all incidents that happen in their lives. In certain social orders, there are no sound clarifications to some upsetting occasions, utilizing customary ways. There is high opportunities for individuals in such social orders to credit these occasions to black magic practices. Their musings in regards to the elective reasons for these occasions give them legitimate, cognizant clarifications which completely or halfway fulfill their convictions. This methodology was created by Evans-Pritchard in his investigation of Azande black magic. Azande is an ethnic gathering of individuals that live in Central Africa where they practice agribusiness (Evans-Pritchard , 1937). They ar e popular for their black magic called mangu, which assumes a critical job in forming their comprehension of the world and events. They accept that a few people are witches and forces the intensity of influencing others antagonistically. This force is accepted to be acquired and acts at an oblivious level. The witch is accepted to practice this force genuinely without cognizant aim and without discourse or custom. The Azande individuals quality the majority of the mishaps that happen in their general public to black magic. On the off chance that an incident is noteworthy and prompts the enduring of an individual, they search for a neighbor of the influenced individual who may be the wellspring of shocking so as to discover a goals. In the event that they don't discover, they search for a ‘poison oracle’ so as to counsels and decide the person who may be the have caused the mishap. The individuals from this general public likewise counsel the prophet before taking part i n significant dares to decide if disasters will happen. The toxic substance prophet is a chicken which is taken care of with a specific amount of toxin known as benge. On the off chance that the chicken or more than one chicken pass on, this is an indication of incident. After the assailant or the witch is resolved, the individual in question is drawn nearer by a delegate and the person reacts by ‘blowing water’ over the dead chicken’s wing while at the same time declaring their sincere goals towards the hurt individual (Evans-Pritchard, 1937). Black magic shows up in various parts of the Azande and as Evans-Pritchard noted, it assumes a job in deciding their odds for karma or misfortune. For the most part, it assumes a marsh job in clarifying disposition of occasions. Evans-Pritchard shows that when an accomplished woodcarver parts wood consummately during his work, the split is

Sonnet 18 Essay Example

Piece 18 Essay Numerous understudies of writing dread William Shakespeare, expecting his attempts to be excessively far off in topic and excessively troublesome in language.â However, a considerable lot of Shakespeare’s works present subjects and thoughts that can be applied to anyone’s lives.â His poems are instances of this kind of piece.â They examine important topics in open language in unmistakable patterns.â Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18 is viewed as his most available due to its ageless introduction of love.Readers look for designs recorded as a hard copy, once in a while subconsciously.â Shakespeare composed his works as per a particular example that, when perusers experience it, they in a split second feel great with it.â His pieces are consistently fourteen lines sorted out into three quatrains with a couplet at the end.â They are written in measured rhyming, which implies that each line has ten syllables which exchange in accentuation. For instance, the first â line of Sonnet 18 peruses â€Å"Shall I contrast thee with a summers day?†Ã¢ This line does for sure have ten syllables; the pressure falls on the I, the - are of think about, the to, the entirety of summer’s and da.â Additionally, the rhyme is likewise recognizable.â In most Shakespearean pieces, the rhyme follows the pattern:â ABABCDCDEFEFGG, in which the letters relate to an end sound.â This example is anything but difficult to perceive and follow for perusers. In this manner, these unmistakable examples make the peruser alright with the lines in the sonnet.In expansion to its metrical examples and recognizable rhyme, Sonnet 18 is open in view of its language and basic artistic techniques.â The principal line is written in language that almost all Shakespearean understudies and lay perusers the same can understand.â â€Å"Shall I contrast thee with a summer’s day† (ln. 1) sets up the example of allegorical examinations that a great man y people figure out how to perceive in the early evaluations of their schooling.â The following line affirms that his affection is â€Å"more stunning and more temperate† (ln. 2) and needs no rewording to see that the individual believes his affection to be wonderful and comfortable.â Indeed, the language of this piece is marginal basic, with no age-old terms, remarkable uses or developments or dark, confusing inferences.â He proceeds with the representation of his adoration as a great summer day by offering that â€Å"thy endless summer will not fade† (ln.9) and exemplifies Death by taking note of in line 11 that Death can't â€Å"brag thou wander’st in his shade.†Ã¢ These lines uncover the basic similitudes and embodiment strategies that Shakespeare uses to contrast his genuine romance with something that all perusers can acknowledge †a gentle summer day.Finally, the topic of Sonnet 18 is an ageless subject that all individuals can identify with †genuine love.â This sonnet commends the speaker’s genuine romance by utilizing a correlation with another exquisite picture †the mid year day.â The last two lines of the work likewise clarify that the sonnet will deify the speaker’s affections forever by making them concrete on paper as they contend, â€Å"So long as men can inhale or eyes can see, So long carries on with this and this offers life to thee† (lns. 13-14).â Who has not ever adored and contrasted that affection with something different important? Who has not ever recorded their emotions on paper trying to make them enduring, clear and concrete?â Readers can unquestionably relate to this subject of affection and the speakers want to deify it.Sonnet 18 by William Shakespeare is a very open sonnet about adoration that almost all perusers can comprehend and appreciate. The conspicuous rhyme and beat of the sonnet is encouraging to perusers who look for designs. The utilization of basic analogies and representation to contrast the adoration with a mid year day is promptly apparent, not covered under symbolic layers, and the subject itself is one that about all individuals can identify with their own lives.â therefore, this poem is one of Shakespeare’s ageless tributes to the widespread feeling of affection for all humanity.;;

Alternative Dispute Resolution Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Elective Dispute Resolution - Case Study Example This technique is most pertinent when the gatherings associated with the contention concur that an outsider look for an answer. The technique is practically like court settling. Mediator board go about as judges and offer an answer in the wake of tuning in to the two gatherings. In any case, the choice could conceivably be lawfully official. World International Property Organization (WIPO) is a standout amongst other intervention organizations. One case included a distributing house that had an authoritative concurrence with a product improvement organization. The distributing house was not completely happy with the administration following one and a half years and hence the two gatherings chose to have the debate parleyed. By utilization of a rehearsing judge as the sole referee, the two gatherings introduced their enthusiasm for case settlement and the mediator found a shared view of settlement. The two gatherings consented to the arbitrator’s proposition and along these lin es agreed to the settlement terms. The two gatherings at last opened up to the world about their newly discovered settlement and the case was explained (WIPO web). Intervention is a standout amongst other elective question goals alternatives. The go between intentionally helps the two gatherings to think of their own answer for the contest. A genuine model was a business contest that was interceded by an Auckland legal advisor and Maria Dew. The case included a privately-run company whereby common issues emerged because of individual interests in the privately-run company. The child, needed to purchase the business from his folks however they declined the offer yet the two gatherings kept on maintaining the business together.

Draconian Implies Cruelty

Draconian Implies Cruelty Draconian Implies Cruelty Draconian Implies Cruelty By Maeve Maddox During the ongoing Congressional gridlock with respect to the government spending plan, the word draconian has become a typical sobriquet used to introduce the words spending cuts, in the way the designation incredible as a rule goes before Ways and Means Committee. How fitting is the utilization of draconian to depict spending cuts? It depends. Soliciting the Pentagon to cut some from its $463 billion non-war related consumptions isn't equivalent to removing a thiefs hand for taking. Wiping out projects that are keeping individuals alive, then again, may suitably be called draconian. Aside from spending cuts, draconian is frequently utilized in settings in which official methodology are viewed as pointlessly unfeeling or domineering: Over the previous week, the distress in the Middle East developed, with developing fights in Bahrain and Libya, and progressively draconian measures by the countries’ pioneers to suppress the restriction. Another report this week from Human Rights Watch looks into Chinas Draconian and inadequate detainment of individuals battling with illicit drug use. We won't take the draconian police estimates important to oust 11 million individuals. Draconian new measure expects police to capture anyone who cannot demonstrate they are a US resident. Since 2005, a fairly draconian law has been embraced to manage guilty parties. Inability to pay a ticket brings about the renouncement of driving benefits in Quebec. Somali ladies grumble of draconian Sharia limitations. Draconian [drä -kÃ¥ nä- É™n ] is an eponym, a word got from a people name: draconian (or draconic) of, relating to, or normal for Draco, archon at Athens in 621 B.C., or the serious code of laws said to have been built up by him; thorough, brutal, extreme, unfeeling. OED Albeit draconian has come to mean absurdly unforgiving, Dracos composed code in which disciplines were illuminated was seen at the time as being more just than discretionary disciplines perpetrated by the neighborhood authority figure. As indicated by legend, Dracos code endorsed demise for most offenses. Plutarch went along this much-cited story: It is said that Drakon himself, when inquired as to why he had fixed the discipline of death for most offenses, addressed that he thought about these lesser violations to merit it, and he had no more noteworthy discipline for progressively significant ones. I state as per legend in light of the fact that Ive read that in the main section of Dracos code that endures, oust (not demise) is the discipline for murder. Dracos name could have something to do with the way that his code of laws entered Greek memory as being extremely merciless: Greek dracon implies mythical beast or snake. Primary concern: draconian is a solid word that passes on negligence for the accommodating treatment of others. Its squandered as a minor equivalent for extraordinary. Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin accepting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Vocabulary class, check our mainstream posts, or pick a related post below:7 English Grammar Rules You Should KnowWhat is the Difference Between Metaphor and Simile?Preposition Mistakes #1: Accused and Excited

Understanding Habituation in Psychology

Understanding Habituation in Psychology Theories Behavioral Psychology Print When and Why Does Habituation Occur? The more we encounter something, the less likely we are to react By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on January 14, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on December 11, 2019 Studio MPM/Getty Images More in Theories Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology In This Article Table of Contents Expand Overview Characteristics Causes Habituation in Relationships View All Back To Top Habituation is a decrease in response to a  stimulus  after repeated presentations. For example, a new sound in your environment, such as a new ringtone, may initially draw your attention or even become distracting. Over time, as you become accustomed to this sound, you pay less attention to the noise and your response to the sound will diminish. This diminished response is habituation. Examples Habituation is one of the simplest and most  common forms of learning. It allows people to tune out non-essential stimuli and focus on the things that really demand attention. Habituation is something that happens regularly in your everyday life, yet you are probably largely unaware of it. Habituation in Daily Life: Imagine that you are in your backyard when you hear a loud banging noise from your neighbors yard. The unusual sound immediately draws your attention, and you wonder what is going on or what might be making the noise. Over the next few days, the banging noise continues at a regular and constant pace. Eventually, you just tune out the noiseIts not only sound that prompts us to become habituated. Other senses can also be affected by habituation. Another example would be spritzing on some perfume in the morning before you leave for work in the morning. After a short period, you no longer notice the scent of your perfume, but others around you may notice the smell even after youve become unaware of it. There are also psychotherapy approaches that rely on habituation. In the treatment of phobias, for example, habituating people to the source of their fear is one way to help them overcome their phobia. In exposure therapy, people are progressively subjected to things that they fear. A person who is terrified of the dark, for example, might begin by simply imagining being in a dark room. Once they have become habituated to this experience, they will expose themselves to increasingly closer approximations to the real source of their anxiety until they finally confront the fear itself. Eventually, the individual can be habituated to the stimulus so that they no longer experience the fear response. Characteristics Some of the key characteristics of habituation include: Duration:  If the habituation stimulus is not presented for a long enough period before a sudden reintroduction, the response will once again reappear at full-strength, a phenomenon known as  spontaneous recovery. So if that noisy neighbors loud banging (from the example above) were to stop and start, youre less likely to become habituated to it.  Frequency:  The more frequently a stimulus is presented, the faster habituation will occur. If you wear that same perfume every day, youre more likely to stop noticing it earlier each time.  Intensity:  Very intense stimuli tend to result in slower habituation. In some cases, such as deafening noises like a car alarm or a siren, habituation will never occur (a car alarm wouldnt be very effective as an alert if people stopped noticing it after a few minutes).  Change:  Changing the intensity or duration of the stimulation may result in a reoccurrence of the original response. So if that banging noise grew louder over time, or stopped abruptl y, youd be more likely to notice it again. Why Habituation Occurs Habituation is an example of  non-associative learning, that is, theres no reward or punishment associated with the stimulus. Youre not experiencing pain or pleasure as a result of that neighbors banging noises. So why do we experience it? There are a few different theories that seek to explain why habituation occurs, including: Single-factor theory of habituation  suggests that the constant repetition of a stimulus changes the efficacy of that stimulus. The more we hear it, the less we notice it. It becomes uninteresting to our brains, in a way.Dual-factor theory of habituation  suggests that there are underlying neural processes that regulate responsiveness to different stimuli. So our brains decide for us that we dont need to worry about that banging noise because we have more pressing things on which to focus our attention. Habituation in Relationships Habituation is a concept often applied to perceptual phenomena, but it can also have a number of different real-world applications, including on social relationships. As we grow to know people better, it is only natural that we stop noticing every little thing and become increasingly habituated to both their good and bad qualities. You might grow accustomed to habits that you initially found irritating, or even become increasingly annoyed by things that you overlooked initially. In the beginning stages of any relationship, people tend to respond more readily. Every sensation is thrilling because it is new and unfamiliar. Unfortunately, this is not a state that can last forever. Eventually, habituation sets in and people stop noticing every little thing. While habituation can lead to the thrill of a new relationship wearing off over time, it is not necessarily a bad thing. The initial passion that tends to mark the outset of a relationship typically gives way to something deeper and more lasting - a deeper, more meaningful love that is marked by friendship, support, and respect in addition to passion. Habituation in relationships can become problematic, however, when it leads to taking the other person for granted. Long-term relationships can often fall victim to this problem. Over time, you might feel that your partner does not appreciate the things that you contribute to the relationship. Or perhaps it is your partner who feels that he or she is being overlooked. So what can you do to overcome habituation and bring some of the initial spark back into your relationship? Recall those feelings from the start of your relationship. Think about the things that you first noticed and loved about your partner. Consider the things you enjoy doing together as a couple. Taking the time to notice those qualities and reintroduce those activities is a good way to reconnect.Try something new. Routines and habits can be helpful, but they can often feel stifling. Look for ways to change things up and add the zing of novelty back to your relationship. Try new activities as a couple and explore things together. It can be an interesting way of building a strong connection, as well as a means to see your partner in a new light.Practice gratitude. As you spend more and more time around your partner, it can be all too easy to focus on the things about them that you find irritating. If you focus only on these qualities, it can be extremely difficult to remain satisfied and connected. Take the time to think about the things you love about your partner. What are the qualitie s you admire most about this person? What things attracted you the most when you first met? A Word From Verywell Habituation is a natural and normal part of our experience of the world. It allows us to function in environments where we are often inundated with sensory experiences and information. Rather than being overwhelmed by all of the things that clamor for our attention, habituation allows us to pay less attention to certain elements so that we can better focus on others.   How Hedonic Adaptation Robs You of Happinessâ€"and How to Change That

Psychological Disorders and Therapeutic Strategies - 1925 Words

Psychological Disorders and Therapeutic Strategies (Essay Sample) Content: -117475-6794518478501752604144010-292735Psychological Disorders and Therapeutic StrategiesContentsAssignment BriefPlanAssignmentResubmissionTutor Feedback FormAssignment Brief TA1Unit Title: Psychological Disorders and Therapeutic Strategies Credits: 3 Level 3 Access to HE Diploma: ACCESS TO HE DIPLOMA (HEALTH SCIENCE PROFESSIONS) Descriptors applied to assignment: 1 2 7 Declaration. I confirm that this assignment is my own work and that it conforms to the course policy on plagiarism as stated in the course handbook.Name: sandramaher Assignment Download Date:Assignment Deadline Date:30/06/2016 Plan submitted:Submission Date:06/07/2016 Resubmission Deadline:Resubmission Date: Extension Requested:(Yes) (No)no LEARNING OUTCOMES 1 Understand a range of theoretical explanations for psychological disorders. 2 Understand the theoretical basis for different therapeutic strategies used in the treatment of psychological disorders. 3 Understand the effectiveness of different treatments for psychological disorders.Unit Assessment Criteria Applied to AssignmentNumber of assignments to this unit: One Essay Page No. where you have covered the assessment criteria Assessment Criterion:Please also indicate where you have covered the assessment criteria in your actual submission. 1 Describe and evaluate two different explanations (e.g. psychodynamic, behavioural, cognitive or biological) of three psychological disorders. 1 Describe different therapeutic strategies used in the treatment of psychological disorders. 2 Explain the theoretical basis for the different therapeutic strategies used in the treatment of psychological disorders. 1 Evaluate the effectiveness of different treatments for at least one psychological disorder. Grade Descriptor 1 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Understanding the Subject GI For merit: demonstrates a very good grasp of the relevant knowledge base. (M) For distinction: demonstrates an excellent grasp of the relevant knowledge base (D) Grade Descrip tor 2 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Application of Knowledge GI For merit: makes use of relevant: ideas and facts with either: breadth or depth and/or a very good level of insight. (M) For Distinction: Makes use of relevant: ideas and facts with both: breadth or depth and/or an excellent level of insight. (D) Grade Descriptor 7 - Quality GI For merit: is structured in a way that is generally logical and fluent; Taken as a whole, demonstrates a very good response to the demands of the brief/assignment (M) For distinction: is structured in a way that is consistently logical and fluent; Taken as a whole, demonstrates an excellent response to the demands of the brief/assignment (D) Word count guideline: 2000 wordsSanctions apply for graded assessments that exceed the allocated word limit by more than 10% - please see Student Handbook for details. * You may submit a plan to discuss with your tutor to ensure you are on the right track. Please upload this in the relevant area of the VLE well in advance of the assignment deadline. * Your completed assignment should be copied onto page 6 of THIS document. Do not upload as separate file.AssignmentEach perspective makes different assumptions about the causes of psychological disorders. As a result, each perspective suggests a different way of treating mental illness, the effectiveness of which is often a platform of debate.Essay TitleDiscuss, with the use of three different disorders (e.g. schizophrenia, depression, eating disorders), two possible psychological explanations and treatments for each disorder.ÂEvaluate the effectiveness of the different treatments given for at least one of theÂpsychological disorders discussed.(1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1)Word count guideline: 2000 wordsEssay WritingA good essay should: Tick box Show evidence of wide reading. Use source materials from books, journals, internet, leaflets etc. Give examples, reasons, case studies, evidence etc. Be analytical in structure. Compare and contrast different op inions. Deal with a range of arguments. Demonstrate an awareness of the complexity of the subject. Distinguish facts from ideas and opinions. Be written in your own words. Follow an argument with logical development from one point to another. Group similar points together. Use well constructed paragraphs and sentences. Uses references and quotations. Conclude by making a decision on which argument is the best. Have good spelling, punctuation and grammar. Be within the word limit. Have a reference section or bibliography. Follows the Harvard referencing system. Most importantly, answer your question and address each assessment criteria. IMPORTANT INFORMATION: * Please word process your assignment and upload to the VLE. * Your work is only eligible for grading once all of the criteria above have been met. * Please indicate in your assignment where you have met each criteria by including the criteria numbers in the relevant places. * Make sure all work is referenced usin g the Harvard referencing system * Your work will be checked for plagiarism.ReflectionsCan you identify specific learning points? If so tell us about these.Were the materials and assessment clear? If not, can you identify areas for improvement?Did the topic inspire you to further reading? Please share any relevant/interesting links. PlanAssignment:Introduction (1.1)The assignment will attempt to discuss therapeutic intervention for bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and depression through the employment of both cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and biological method. CBT conceptualise the basis of psychological disorders as reactions to life difficulties, relationships, health issues and cognitive-behavioural factors. CBT attempts to transform psychological and behavioural issues via a goal-oriented and systematic approach (Australian Psychiatrist Society à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ APS, 2010) by re-wiring the mind and pattern of thinking, role playing and through learnt behaviour rehearsals (Morris on, 2009).CBT understands that behaviour can be learnt or unlearnt; whereas, the biological strategy assumes that behaviour or conditions have biological basis. The biological approach involves utilisation of mood stabilisers, antipsychotics and various classes of antidepressants (NIH, 2016). Biological method largely involves the use of pharmacotherapeutic agents while no agents whatsoever are used in CBT. CBT is largely a talk therapy in nature. Both biological and CBT are effective treatments for mood disorders such as bipolar disorder and depression (Morrison, 2009; Smith, et al., 2016). Similarly, the two approaches are relatively effective for treatment of schizophrenic positive symptoms but minimal effect observed on negative symptoms (Chien, et al., 2013; Lett, et al., 2014). Apart from use of drugs, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is also applied in biological treatment of schizophrenia (Lett, et al., 2014). However, in depression cases, CBT is associated with decreased cha nces of relapse compared the sole use of medications (APS, 2010).Bipolar Disorder (2.1and 2.2)Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)"CBT is a therapeutic technique that, "employ a combination of behavioural and cognitive approaches" (APS, 2010, p. 6). CBT describes bipolar as mood disorder. A therapist should to guide a patient to identify obstructive thoughts, behaviours and emotions for therapeutic benefits. Behavioural techniques include exposure, scheduling of activities, resting and modification of identifiable behaviours (APS, 2010). Behavioural strategies involve the adoption of normal sleep patterns, evasion of drug and alcohol abuse, exercising, and recommended sunlight exposure (Smith, et al., 2016). Cognitive approaches include cognitive restructuring and self-instructional learning to substitute erroneous pattern of thinking. Training may include stress and anger management, and parental guidance (APS, 2010). CBT helps an individual to get into terms with their conditions, to deal with related problems such as unexplained bad feelings and stress, rebuild relationships, and put their moods on check (Smith, et al., 2016).Biological ApproachIn this approach, bipolar symptoms are known to mimic those presented by other disorders or medical conditions. Consequently, various conditions, health issues and medication histories need to be screened first before a patient is given pharmacotherapeutic agents (Smith, et al., 2016). Medication is regarded as a cornerstone treatment plan for bipolar cases. Mood stabilisers are utilised to help manage the recurring highs and the lows depressive symptoms associated bipolar disorder (Smith, et al.,2016); however, their mechanism of action have not been described yet (Schloesser, et al., 2012).The disorder is treatable by application of three classes of medications; namely, antipsychotics, mood stabilisers and a wide range of antidepressants. The widely used antipsychotics, for treatment of this disorder, include lith ium carbonate and valproic acid. Mechanism of action of lithium carbonate remains unclear (WebMD, 2016); however, its action helps to reduce manic symptoms and ceases recurrence of depressive symptoms (WebMD, 2016). Valproic acid is often administered as a mood stabilising...